Generated by All in One SEO v5.0.0.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Populismindex ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://populismindex.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Hello world!](https://populismindex.com/hello-world/) - Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing! - [Hello world!](https://populismindex.com/hello-world-2/) - Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing! ## Pages - [home](https://populismindex.com/) - Authoritarian populism index about the index The Authoritarian Populism Index offers a comprehensive overview of the major ideological trends in European politics, focusing on parties advocating illiberal and authoritarian ideologies. It provides a thorough European and historical context for both national and contemporary events and elections, allowing for a deeper understanding of political developments. Additionally, - [Bulgaria](https://populismindex.com/bulgaria/) - bulgaria Populism Rank: 23 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2026): + 43.9 %.Voter support for radical right in last elections: – 11.3 %.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (May 2026): 1Number of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2024): 3/17. 01 Speakers During the first post communist decade, Bulgaria seemed to be moving - [Romania](https://populismindex.com/romania/) - romania Populism Rank: 7 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2024): -6,9%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +21,9%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2026): 1Number of radical or populist MEP:s (2024): 8/33 01 Speakers The Romanian party system offers new line-ups for each election. Countless mergers, splits, new formations, - [Croatia](https://populismindex.com/croatia/) - croatia Populism Rank: 27 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2024): 0%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: -0.4 %.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2026): 1Number of radical or populist MEP:s (2024): 1/12. 01 Speakers Croatian domestic politics has been dominated by one party since independence – The Croatian - [Austria](https://populismindex.com/austria/) - austria Populism Rank: 20 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2024): +1,7%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +12,7%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (2025): NONENumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2024): 6/20 01 Speakers Much has changed in Europe since Austria faced a boycott from other EU countries in the - [Malta](https://populismindex.com/malta/) - malta Populism Rank: 31 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2022): 0%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +1%.Populist or radical parties in government (2025): noneNumber of MEP:s from authoritarian or populist parties: (2024): 0/6. 01 Speakers Malta has had Europe’s most cemented two-party system for more than half a century. - [Cyprus](https://populismindex.com/cyprus/) - cyprus Populism Rank: 9 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2021): – 3.4 %.Voter support for radical right in last elections: + 0.2 %.Populist or radical parties in government (2025): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2024): 2/6. 01 Speakers Cyprus is the only country in the EU with a presidential system, where - [Luxembourg](https://populismindex.com/luxembourg/) - luxembourg Populism Rank: 28 Summary Voter support for radical left in last election (2023): -2.3 %.Voter support for radical right in last election: +1 %.Populist or radical parties in government (2025): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2024): 1/6. 01 Speakers Luxembourg is one of the six founding nations of the EU and has, despite - [Estonia](https://populismindex.com/estonia/) - estonia Populism Rank: 25 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): -0%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: -1,7%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (2024): noneNumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2024): 1/7 01 Speakers Nationalism has been a central feature of Estonian politics both before and after independence from the - [France](https://populismindex.com/france/) - France Populism Rank: 3 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2024): n/aVoter support for radical right in last elections: +7.2%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (November 2025): 0 Number of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 28/74 01 Speakers Among established democracies, France stands out in several respects. The French president has more power - [Germany](https://populismindex.com/germany/) - germany Populism Rank: 24 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2021): -4.4%.Voter support for radical right in last elections (2021): +2.6%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 18/96 01 Speakers During the post-war era, extremist political parties have been effectively marginalized in Germany. Still - [Finland](https://populismindex.com/finland/) - finland Populism Rank: 18 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): -0,1%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +3%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (February 2024): 1 Number of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 2/14 01 Speakers Finland was among the countries where communists enjoyed strong popular support in the post-war period. - [The Report](https://populismindex.com/report/) - download the report & data The report is available in English, Polish, Bulgarian, Greek, Spanish, Slovakian, Italian, French and Finish. More translations are in the works and coming soon. The data is available for download in Excel-format. If you find any mistakes or anything you think needs to be clarified, don’t hesitate to contact us. DoWNLOAD - [Denmark](https://populismindex.com/denmark/) - denmark Populism Rank: 19 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2022): -1,8%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +1,5%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 2/14. 01 Speakers Denmark has always had the most fragmented party system among the Nordic countries. Party splits - [Sweden](https://populismindex.com/sweden/) - sweden Populism Rank: 15 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2021): -1.3%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +2,7%.Populist or radical parties in government (February 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 4/20 01 Speakers During the postwar decades, Sweden’s five party system was among the most stable in the - [Ideological Trends](https://populismindex.com/trends/) - ideological trends 1946–2023 Go directly to: Social Democrats Liberal Conservatives Christian Democrats Liberals Greens Communists And Democratic Socialists National Conservatives And Radical Rightists Social Democrats Liberal Conservatives Christian Democrats Liberals Greens Communists And Democratic Socialists National Conservatives And Radical Rightists The vast majority of political parties can be categorised into a handful of party families, - [United Kingdom](https://populismindex.com/united-kingdom/) - united kingdom Populism Rank: 30 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2019): 0%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +0,2%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): none 01 Speakers The United Kingdom stands out from the other countries in the study due to its electoral system. Unlike other European countries, - [Country Profiles](https://populismindex.com/countryprofiles/) - country profiles Use the map below to learn about the countries in the index. Click on the country to view the detailed analysis. Or use the dropdown menu below the map. Choose country Choose country from the dropdown menu below. Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland - [Privacy policy](https://populismindex.com/privacy/) - Privacy policy Privacy PolicyThis Privacy Policy governs the manner in which Timbro collects, uses, maintains, and discloses information collected from users (each, a “User”) of the www.populismindex.com website (“Site”). Personal identification information:We do not collect any personal identification information from Users visiting our Site. Users may visit our Site anonymously. We will only collect personal identification - [Cookie Policy (EU)](https://populismindex.com/cookie-policy-eu/) - [Poland](https://populismindex.com/poland/) - poland Populism Rank: 5 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): 0%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: -6,2%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 27/52 01 Speakers Poland was the first country in Eastern Europe where the communist party was forced to - [Belgium](https://populismindex.com/belgium/) - belgium Populism Rank: 17 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2019): +4,9%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +7,5%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 4/21. 01 Speakers Belgian party politics differ in two respects. Firstly, there are almost no Belgian-wide parties anymore; - [Switzerland](https://populismindex.com/switzerland/) - switzerland Populism Rank: 13 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): -0,4%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +1,1%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): none 01 Speakers Switzerland stands out from other countries in the study due to its constitution and democratic structure. Power is highly decentralised, with weak - [Spain](https://populismindex.com/spain/) - spain Populism Rank: 16 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): -0.6%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: -2,7%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 10/59 01 Speakers Since the transition to democracy after Franco’s death in 1975, Spanish politics has been dominated - [Slovenia](https://populismindex.com/slovenia/) - slovenia Populism Rank: 11 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2022): -4.8%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: -4,1%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 2/8 01 Speakers Since independence in 1991, Slovenia has had a multi-party system with relatively high turnover of - [Slovakia](https://populismindex.com/slovakia/) - slovakia Populism Rank: 10 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): +2%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: -6%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): SmerNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 5/14 01 Speakers Slovakia has experienced several sudden political changes throughout its brief history as an independent state. - [Portugal](https://populismindex.com/portugal/) - portugal Populism Rank: 28 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2022): -2.6%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +5,6%.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 4/20 01 Speakers Since the end of the dictatorship and the first democratic elections in 1975, Portugal has - [Norway](https://populismindex.com/norway/) - NORWAY Populism Rank: 26 Summary Voter support, radical left in 2021: +2,3%.Voter support, radical right in 2021: -2,5%.Populist/authoritarian parties in government (March 2024): NONE 01 Speakers Norway had a very stable party system with low volatility during the first post war decades. The Communist Party had a brief period of success directly after World War - [Netherlands](https://populismindex.com/netherlands/) - netherlands Populism Rank: 8 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): -3.6 %.Voter support for radical right in last elections: +11.8 %.Populist or radical parties in government (February 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 5/28 01 Speakers Just like in Germany, Italy and several other Western European countries, Dutch politics - [Lithuania](https://populismindex.com/lithuania/) - Lithuania Populism Rank: 22 Summary Voter support for radical left in last election (2020): 0 %.Voter support for radical right in last election: -10,1 %.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 1/11 01 Speakers Lithuania’s party system resembles that of Latvia, with a highly fluid party landscape, - [Latvia](https://populismindex.com/latvia/) - latvia Populism Rank: 12 Summary Voter support for radical left in last election (2022): -2.3 %.Voter support for radical right in last election: +0 %.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 2/8 01 Speakers The Latvian party system had a very turbulent start after independence in 1991, - [Italy](https://populismindex.com/italy/) - italy Populism Rank: 2 Summary Voter support for radical left in last election (2022): -1.1 %.Voter support for radical right in last election: +16,4 %.Populist or radical parties in government (March 2024): 2 (FdI, Lega)Number of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 48/76. 01 Speakers In recent decades, the Italian party system has been highly fragmentarised - [Ireland](https://populismindex.com/ireland/) - Ireland Populism Rank: 14 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2020): +9.7%.Voter support for radical right in last elections (2020): +0.5%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (March 2024): noneNumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 1/14. 01 Speakers Ireland is one of the countries where new parties have had most difficulties gaining - [Iceland](https://populismindex.com/iceland/) - Iceland Populism Rank: 21 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2021): +4,1%.Voter support for radical right in last elections (2021): -5.4%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (February 2024): none 01 Speakers The Icelandic party system was highly stable until the 21st century, with only a handful of parties in parliament. However, the - [Hungary](https://populismindex.com/hungary/) - hungary Populism Rank: 1 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2022): -0,1%.Voter support for radical right in last elections (2022): -8.6%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (March 2024): FideszNumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 14/21 01 Speakers Unlike in other post-communist countries, there was never a unified opposition movement against communism - [Greece](https://populismindex.com/greece/) - greece Populism Rank: 4 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2023): -9.3%.Voter support for radical right in last elections (2023): +6.2%.Populist or authoritarian parties in government (February 2024): noneNumber of authoritarian or populist MEP:s (2019): 11/21 01 Speakers Post-war Greece initially had a very volatile political landscape, characterised by numerous broad coalitions - [Czech Republic](https://populismindex.com/czech-republic/) - Czech Republic Populism Rank: 6 Summary Voter support for radical left in last elections (2021): – 4.6%.Voter support for radical right in last elections: + 1.4%.Populist or radical parties in government (2023): noneNumber of radical or populist MEP:s (2019): 9/21. 01 Speakers In 1990, the Czech opposition united under the umbrella organization Civic Forum, easily - [Terms of use](https://populismindex.com/termsofuse/) - Terms of use Terms of UseBy accessing and using this website, you agree to comply with and be bound by the following terms and conditions of use. If you disagree with any part of these terms, please do not use our website. Use of ContentThe content provided on this website, including but not limited to indexes, - [The Method](https://populismindex.com/method/) - method & data This report aims to map broad ideological trends in European politics, particularly focussing on parties that may pose a threat to liberal democracy, market economy, and the rule of law. To achieve this, we classified and indexed parties based on ideology and, where relevant, further distinguished them as either authoritarian or populist. - [List of parties](https://populismindex.com/parties/) - List of parties The parties of api Below you will find an extensive list of all parties that are in the Authoritarian Populism Index. - [COMING SOON Copy](https://populismindex.com/elementor-273-copy/) - COMING SOON - [Populists and authoritarians in power](https://populismindex.com/populists-and-authoritarians-in-power/) - Populists and authoritarians in power Populists and authoritarians in power There is no cohesive party family that can be described as populist, let alone as authoritarian populism. The parties detailed in this report differ from each other both in terms of their position on the left-right spectrum and in their approach to the democratic system. However, - [Understanding populism](https://populismindex.com/understandingpopulism/) - understanding populism Understanding populism It may seem challenging to discuss populist parties in a meaningful way, as the term is often applied inconsistently and with various connotations, often wielded as an invective. However, there is consensus among scholars that parties classified as populists share certain features. Scholars differ when it comes to labels, definitions, and - [Ideological Trends Copy](https://populismindex.com/trends-copy/) - ideological trends Go directly to: Social Democrats Liberal Conservatives Christian Democrats Liberals Greens Communists And Democratic Socialists National Conservatives And Radical Rightists Social Democrats Liberal Conservatives Christian Democrats Liberals Greens Communists And Democratic Socialists National Conservatives And Radical Rightists The vast majority of political parties can be categorised into a handful of party families, such - [home Copy](https://populismindex.com/home-copy/) - Authoritarian populism index about the index The Authoritarian Populism Index offers a comprehensive overview of the major ideological trends in European politics, focusing on parties advocating illiberal and authoritarian ideologies. It provides a thorough European and historical context for both national and contemporary events and elections, allowing for a deeper understanding of political developments. Additionally, - [COMING SOON](https://populismindex.com/elementor-273/) - COMING SOON - [Sample Page](https://populismindex.com/sample-page/) - This is an example page. It's different from a blog post because it will stay in one place and will show up in your site navigation (in most themes). Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors. It might say something like this: Hi there! I'm a bike messenger - [speakers](https://populismindex.com/speakers/) - 01 Speakers Gloria Smith Art director at Creative Agency Michael Jones Art director at Creative Agency Ken Adams Art director at Creative Agency David Brown Art director at Creative Agency Michael Jones Art director at Creative Agency Elizabeth Davis Art director at Creative Agency Anna Anderson Art director at Creative Agency Joseph Taylore Art director - [programme](https://populismindex.com/programme/) - 01 Schedule 15 September —Tech meeting Ken Adams 12:00 – 14:30 Gravida cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis david brown 15:00 – 16:30 Gravida cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis Linda White 17:00 – 19:00 Gravida cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis 15 September —Tech meeting George Martin 12:00 – 14:30 Gravida - [contact](https://populismindex.com/contact/) - 01 Contact us Please do not hesitate tocontact us anytime Gravida cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis. Laculis eu non diam phasellus vestibulum lorem. Sit amet nulla facilisi morbi tempus ultrices mi in nulla posuere sollicitudin aliquam. Amsterdam City Hall Conference +000 123 456 Laculis eu non 577, Amsterdam office@qodeinteractive.com Stockholm City Hall Conference - [about](https://populismindex.com/about/) - 01 About us interactive web conference15 – 17 September, 2020 Gravida cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis. Laculis eu non diam phasellus vestibulum lorem. Sit amet nulla facilisi morbi tempus ultrices. Eleifend mi in nulla posuere sollicitudin aliquam. Morbi tempus iaculis urna volutpat. Laoreet non curabitur gravida arcu ac. Eu non diam phasellus vestibulum - [Sample Page](https://populismindex.com/sample-page-2/) - This is an example page. It's different from a blog post because it will stay in one place and will show up in your site navigation (in most themes). Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors. It might say something like this: Hi there! I'm a bike messenger ## Categories - [Uncategorized](https://populismindex.com/category/uncategorized/)